What does allostatic load refer to?

Allostatic load refers to the cumulative physiological wear and tear on the body that results from chronic exposure to stressors. When the body is exposed to stressors over a prolonged period, it invokes the stress response system, which, while adaptive in the short term, can become maladaptive when activated continuously. This chronic activation leads to alterations in various body systems, such as the cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune systems, resulting in negative health outcomes.

The concept encompasses the idea that while the body has mechanisms that allow for adaptation to stress, excessive or prolonged stress can lead to more harm than good. Therefore, understanding allostatic load is crucial in recognizing how chronic stress can ultimately contribute to various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, but it specifically emphasizes the long-term impact on the body rather than the acute response or ability to adapt.