What does 'lordosis' refer to?

Lordosis refers specifically to an excessive anterior curvature of the spine, typically seen in the cervical and lumbar regions. This condition can lead to an exaggerated arch in the lower back, which may be noticeable when the individual stands or walks. Lordosis can be a normal part of spinal development, but when excessive, it can cause discomfort, pain, and other complications due to the altered alignment of the spine and its effect on surrounding muscles and ligaments.

The other options describe different spinal conditions or issues unrelated to lordosis. For instance, an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine denotes scoliosis, which presents differently from lordosis. Conditions like hyperkyphosis feature excessive curvature of the upper back, while the mention of a condition affecting newborn skin does not relate to spinal curvature at all. Each of these conditions has its own characteristics and implications, distinguishing them clearly from lordosis.